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• Recommendation System Design: Candidate Generation and RankingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to recommendation system design, from candidate generation and ranking to re-ranking, labels, serving, evaluation and feedback loops, built on one running video-streaming example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Reflection Pattern: Making AI Agents Check Their Own WorkAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to the reflection pattern: how an AI drafts, critiques and revises its own work, shown on one running example of a complaint and RTI letter drafting app.20 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• How Facebook Scaled Memcache: Leases, Regions, InvalidationsSystem design · A plain-English guide to scaling memcache the way Facebook did: leases, a commit-log delete pipeline, Gutter servers and remote markers, shown on one running example of a two-region social app.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design Search Ranking for a Rental AppAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to search ranking system design: candidates, booking labels, position bias, NDCG and A/B tests, shown on one running example of a Bengaluru rental app.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Self-Hosting LLMs: Serving, Batching and GPU AutoscalingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to self-hosting LLMs: when owning GPUs beats paying per token, and how batching and GPU autoscaling work, built on one running legal-tech example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Semantic Routing: Sending Queries to the Right SourceAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to semantic routing: how a support bot sends each question to an FAQ, a SQL database or documents, shown on one running example of a gym chain's support bot.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Serverless Trade-Offs: Cold Starts, Limits and Cost CurvesBackend · A plain-English guide to serverless trade-offs: cold starts, platform limits and the cost curve against always-on servers, shown on one running example of a GST invoice service.19 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Sharded Counters: Counting Likes at ScaleSystem design · A plain-English guide to sharded counters, which split one hot like count into many small counters, built on one running example of a short-video app.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Multi-Agent Shipment Rerouting SystemAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to shipment rerouting AI system design: agents that spot road closures, a route solver for exact numbers, human approval and undo steps, shown on one running example of a road-freight operator in Nagpur.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• SOLID Principles Explained: One Java Codebase, Five RulesSystem design · A plain-English guide to the five SOLID principles: what each rule means, the smell it fixes and when to skip it, shown on one running example of a bill-splitting app for flatmates.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Speech Recognition System Design: Hinglish Call TranscriptsAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to speech recognition system design: the ASR pipeline, Hinglish code-switching, word error rate, GPU sizing and masking card numbers, shown on one running example of call-centre recordings turned into searchable transcripts.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Rendering Patterns Explained: When to Use CSR, SSR, SSG and ISRFrontend · A plain-English guide to CSR, SSR, SSG and ISR: where each one builds the HTML and which pages need which, shown on one running example of an online shoe store.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Stock Trading App: Order Matching and Market DataSystem design · A plain-English guide to stock trading system design: order matching, crash-safe engines, market data and pre-trade checks, shown on one running example of a broker app.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Synthetic Data for LLM Evaluation: Test Without Real CustomersAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to building synthetic test data for LLM evaluation, so you can find edge cases without copying real customer data, shown on one running example of a health insurance claims chatbot.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• System Design Interview Levels: Junior vs Senior vs StaffInterview prep · A plain-English guide to how junior, senior and staff answers differ in a system design interview, built on one live order tracking question answered three ways.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Common System Design Interview Mistakes and How to Fix ThemInterview prep · A plain-English guide to the mistakes that sink strong candidates in system design interviews, and how to fix each one, shown on one running mock interview for a concert ticket booking system.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Transaction Isolation Levels: From Dirty Reads to Write SkewSystem design · A plain-English guide to transaction isolation levels and the anomalies each one allows, from dirty reads to write skew, built on one running hall booking example.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Two-Tower Models: Retrieval Then RankingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to the two tower model, the retrieval step behind many large recommenders, built on one running handicrafts marketplace example from Kochi.23 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Video Player Frontend (HLS and Adaptive Bitrate)Frontend · A plain-English guide to designing a video streaming frontend: HLS playlists, adaptive bitrate, buffer limits and fast startup, shown on one running example of a streaming app used on slow mobile networks.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Vision-Language Models Explained: How AI Sees ImagesAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to how vision-language models turn photos into tokens, learn to match pictures and words, describe images, and fail, built on one running shelf-audit example.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Voice Assistant System Design: Speech In, Speech OutAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to designing a phone voice assistant, from speech-to-text to the model to text-to-speech, built on one running example of a Hindi farmers' helpline.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Web Agents: How Browser-Using AI Agents WorkAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to web agent design: how a browser agent sees pages, clicks the right element, keeps login state and stays safe, shown on one running example of a form-filling service.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Web Crawler: Politeness, Dedup and the URL FrontierSystem design · A plain-English guide to web crawler system design: the URL frontier, politeness rules and de-duplication, shown on one running example of an Indian-language search engine.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• How ZooKeeper Works: Znodes, Watches and ZABSystem design · A plain-English guide to how ZooKeeper works, from znodes and watches to leader election and the ZAB protocol, built on one running batch-job scheduler example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026