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• DSpark Speculative Decoding Explained: Block Drafting and Confidence ChecksAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to DSpark speculative decoding: how a small model drafts tokens, how the large model checks them, and how block drafting and confidence scheduling speed up serving, shown on one running example of a travel-booking chatbot.21 min read · Updated 22 Oct 2026
• eMudhra's October 2026 CA Compromise Explained: Weak Keys and What to UpdateBackend · A plain-English guide to the eMudhra certificate compromise: why eight intermediate CA keys were guessable, how browsers blocked them in hours, and what servers must update, shown on one running example of a Python payments service in an old Docker image.20 min read · Updated 22 Oct 2026
• Multi-Perspective Issuance Corroboration Explained: How CAs Outvote BGP HijacksBackend · A plain-English guide to multi-perspective issuance corroboration (MPIC): how certificate authorities confirm domain checks from several networks, what changes on 15 December 2026 and which BGP hijacks it stops, shown on one running example of a small online store renewing its certificate.20 min read · Updated 22 Oct 2026
• PHP's October 2026 PHP2Shell Bugs Explained: How to Patch and VerifyBackend · A plain-English guide to PHP2Shell, the two critical PHP remote code execution bugs fixed on 21 October 2026: how they work, who is at risk and how to patch and verify, shown on one running example of a small online store's Ubuntu server.21 min read · Updated 22 Oct 2026
• WebSockets vs SSE vs Long Polling: Real-Time Options and CostsBackend · A plain-English guide to short polling, long polling, server-sent events and WebSockets: how each works, what each costs and how to choose, shown on one running example of a live auction site.26 min read · Updated 22 Oct 2026
• Design an Ad Click Aggregator: Counting Each Click OnceSystem design · A plain-English guide to ad click aggregator design: removing duplicate clicks, counting each click in the minute it happened and surviving crashes, shown on one running example of an ad network that bills per click.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design an Ad Click Prediction System: CTR, Calibration, AuctionsAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to ad click prediction: CTR models, features, calibration, auctions, training data and serving, shown on one running example of an ad network inside news apps.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Agent Context Handoff: What to Pass, Summarise or DropAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to agent context handoff: what one AI agent or long session should pass, summarise or drop for the next, built on one running tender-bid example.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• AI Bias Testing: Fairness Checks for LLM FeaturesAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to AI bias testing for LLM features: slicing tests by group, counterfactual pairs and the four-fifths alarm, shown on one running example of a job-matching app.23 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design an AI Chat Assistant: System Design WalkthroughAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to AI chat assistant system design: streaming, chat storage, context budgets, quotas, a model gateway, safety, regions and cost, shown on one running example of a multilingual chat app.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• AI Engineer Interview Prep: Rounds, Questions and Study PlanInterview prep · A plain-English guide to the AI engineer interview loop: each round, sample questions, tested code and an 8-week study plan, shown on one running example of an invoice question assistant.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• AI Governance for Startups: Intake, Risk Register and Sign-offAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to a light AI governance framework for startups, with an intake form, risk tiers, a risk register and sign-off rules, built on one running home-loan marketplace example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• AI Incident Response: When Your AI Gets It Wrong in PublicAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to AI incident response: kill switches, honest communication and blameless post-mortems, built on one running bus ticket chatbot example.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• No-Code AI Workflows vs Writing Code: When Each One WinsAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to AI workflow automation that shows when a no-code flow beats custom code or an agent, and when it does not, using one running example of a small candle shop.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• API Latency Budgets: Estimating Response TimeBackend · A plain-English guide to API latency estimation: add up every hop, handshake and parallel call, set a p99 budget and check it, shown on one running example of a truck-hire quote API.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• The 2020 AWS Kinesis Outage Explained: Threads and LessonsSystem design · A plain-English guide to the November 2020 AWS Kinesis outage: the thread limit behind it, why recovery was slow, how it spread and the design lessons, shown on one running example of a clickstream analytics pipeline.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• How Bigtable and HBase Work: LSM Trees and TabletsSystem design · A plain-English guide to how Bigtable and HBase store data with LSM trees, compaction and tablets, built on one running air-quality sensor example.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Block vs File vs Object Storage: Which Fits Which JobSystem design · A plain-English guide to block, file and object storage, what each is good at and how to choose, built on one running cooperative bank example.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Calendar Frontend: Recurring Events and DragFrontend · A plain-English guide to calendar frontend design: recurring events, week layout, drag-to-reschedule, safe saves, time zones and accessibility, shown on one running example of a clinic and salon booking app.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Chaos Engineering and Fault Injection: Break It on PurposeBackend · A beginner-friendly guide to chaos engineering and fault injection: how to plan, run and stop safe failure experiments, built on one running scooter rental example.30 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Chat App Frontend: Sockets, Offline Queue, ReceiptsFrontend · A plain-English guide to the client side of a chat app: WebSocket heartbeats and reconnects, an offline outbox, message ordering and read receipts, shown on one running family and shop messaging example.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Cloud Cost Optimization: Rightsizing, Reservations and WasteBackend · A plain-English guide to cloud cost optimization: finding waste, rightsizing servers, buying commitments and using spot capacity, shown on one running example of a mobile game studio.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• The Cold Start Problem in Recommendation SystemsAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to the cold start problem: how recommenders serve new users, new items and new cities, shown on one running food delivery example.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Cookies vs Sessions vs Tokens in the BrowserFrontend · A plain-English guide to where a web app should keep login state, comparing cookies, server sessions and tokens like JWTs on one running net-banking example.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026